Precipitation process pdf

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Wang, H. Ionic liquid processing of cellulose. Boxall, L. Google Scholar. Wang, L. Download references. We also thank Dr. The work of J. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. All authors discussed the results and commented on the manuscript. Peer review information Nature Communications thanks Pavel Soucek and the other, anonymous, reviewer for their contribution to the peer review of this work.

Reprints and Permissions. Zhong, YK. In-situ anodic precipitation process for highly efficient separation of aluminum alloys.

Nat Commun 12, Download citation. Received : 06 February Accepted : 10 September Published : 01 October Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines.

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Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature. Download PDF. Subjects Electrochemistry Nuclear chemistry Process chemistry. Abstract Electrorefining process has been widely used to separate and purify metals, but it is limited by deposition potential of the metal itself.

Introduction Attributes of aluminum and its alloys include light weight, high strength and excellent corrosion resistance, which have led to widespread applications 1. Full size image. Full size table.

Methods Electrolytic apparatus and procedures The photograph of experimental setup are shown in Supplementary Fig. Data availability The authors declare that all data supporting the findings of this study are either provided in the article and its Supplementary Information or available from the corresponding author upon request. References 1. While the addition of 0. As shown in Figs. Yamasaki et al. Mater Trans ;—8. Mater Sci Eng A ;— Properties and selection: nonferrous alloys needs further investigation.

Consequently, [4] Mordike BL. Creep-resistant magnesium alloys. Mater Sci Eng in the solution-treated condition, the Al grain-refined alloy A ;— Structural refinement of cast magnesium alloys. Mater Sci Technol ;— Grain refinement of Zr grain-refined counterpart Fig. During subsequent magnesium alloys: a review of recent research, theoretical isothermal ageing at the same temperature, since the developments, and their application.

Metall Mater Trans A precipitation sequences in these two alloys are the same, ;44A— A new approach to volume fraction of precipitates. Hence, the Al grain-refined alloy designing a grain refiner for Mg casting alloys and its use in still exhibits a lower hardness than the Zr grain-refined Mg—Y-based alloys. Acta Mater ;—9. Grain counterpart Fig. Therefore, the Al grain-refined alloy needs refinement of Mg—10Gd alloy by Al additions.

J Mater Res to be aged at a lower temperature than the Zr grain-refined ;—7. Cast magnesium alloys for elevated temperature applications.

J Mater Sci ;— Microstructure and strengthening mechanism of high 1. During solution treatment, thin plate-shaped particles with strength Mg—10Gd—2Y—0. Precipitation and hardening in magnesium alloys. Behavior of ;— Structure and properties of engineering alloys. Scr Mater ;—8. Rapidly solidified Microstructure evolution in a Mg—15Gd—0. Mater Trans ;—4. Sometimes hails are also associated with it.

This type of precipitation occurs in the low latitudes and in the temperate zones. It generally occurs in the summer months during evening time. On the mountains, this type of precipitation is of a very short duration and consists of heavy showers.

Convective precipitation is less effective for the crop growth than the steady rain. In this case run off is maximum, therefore, little water is left for entering the soil. However, in the temperate region, it is most effective in promoting the growth of plants. The main reason is that in the mid latitudes it occurs only in warm season when the vegetation is very active. It occurs when deep and extensive air masses are made to converge and move upward so that their adiabatic cooling takes place.

For this type of precipitation lifting of air mass is required. When two air masses with different temperature and moisture content meet at a certain angle, the warm and moist air is forced to rise over the heavier cold air mass.

When air masses from different directions converge to the centre, some of the air is forced up. In tropical region, there is little difference in the temperature and humidity of the converging air masses. The lifting is almost vertical and is accompanied by convection. In such a condition the convergence provides the initial upward movement of unstable air mass and causes large clouds and heavy showers.

In temperate regions, a zone of contact between warm and cold air mass is called front. There may be warm or cold front. Frontal precipitation occurs when the warm and moist air gradually rises over the cold air mass.

The main cause of this precipitation is the mixing of air along the front. Frontal precipitation along the warm front is in the form of drizzle. It is always widespread and of long duration. In case of cold front it is always in the form of intense thunder showers and is of very short duration. Frontal precipitation occurs in Europe and N. During winter season, cyclonic precipitation occurs in the northern parts of India.

The precipitation associated with warm front has low intensity but remains for a long duration. As a result, the rainfall percolates in the soil and continues for hours together. Such type of precipitation is most useful for crop growth. On the other hand, precipitation associated with cold front is of high intensity falling on a small area and remains for a short period.

As a result, most of the rainfall does not get the chance to percolate in the soil as it is wasted rapidly as run off. Therefore, less amount of precipitation may be available to the crop plants. Thus, the precipitation associated with warm front is more useful for the growth of crop plants as compared to that with cold front.

Agrometeorology , Atmospheric Moisture , Precipitation. Transpiration: Meaning, Types and Effect. Clouds: Formulation, Importance and Classification. We use cookies We use cookies to personalise content and ads, to provide social media features and to analyse our traffic. You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website. Cookie Settings Accept. Manage consent. Close Privacy Overview This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website.

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